The paper introduces EXPO, an algorithm that automatically optimizes the meta-prompt—specifically the task description and meta-instruction—for large language model agents in sequential decision-making tasks such as Bayesian optimization and multi-armed bandits. Building on adversarial bandit techniques to handle non-stationary rewards, the authors extend EXPO to EXPO-ES, which also optimizes exemplars (historical interactions) within the meta-prompt. Experiments demonstrate that these methods significantly improve the performance of LLM-based agents in sequential decision-making scenarios.
arXiv:2604. 17244v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents for sequential decision-making struggle to produce diverse outputs.
Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) improves the reasoning capabilities of large language models, but prompt groups with identical rollout rewards consume generation budget without effective learning signals. Pre-rollout prompt selection can reduce this waste by screening prompts before rollout generation.
arXiv:2607.28077v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) improves the reasoning capabilities of large language models, but prompt groups with identica...
arXiv:2602. 17976v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In active sequential testing, also termed pure exploration, a learner is tasked with the goal to adaptively acquire information so as to identify an unknown ground-truth hypothesis with as few queries as possible.
arXiv:2606. 09961v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Training large language models (LLMs) as autonomous agents via reinforcement learning (RL) has enabled frontier models to achieve superhuman performance in long-horizon tasks.
arXiv:2608. 16707v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as decision-making agents in settings that require sophisticated environmental exploration.
arXiv:2608. 19842v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Agentic reinforcement learning (RL) has become a critical stage in the post-training of large language models.
arXiv:2607. 08837v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Exploration is essential to RL since a policy cannot improve by repeatedly sampling the behaviors it already prefers.
arXiv:2607. 17281v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Auto-bidding plays an essential role in online advertising, automatically adjusting bids for advertisers to optimize their commercial goals.
arXiv:2607. 29241v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Optimizing modern recommender models still depends heavily on engineers manually iterating over architectural, objective, and training-strategy changes.
arXiv:2608. 06714v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent systems for optimizing prompts, programs, and ML workflows typically rely on explicit outer-loop controllers such as evolutionary search, bandits, or textual-gradient methods.
Long-horizon large language model (LLM) agents are typically optimized with sparse terminal outcomes, making fine-grained credit assignment across multi-step interactions difficult. Existing approache...