arXiv Machine Learning

Assessing Factual Music Comprehension in Large Audio Language Models

arXiv:2511. 05550v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large audio language models (LALMs) leverage multimodal representations to generate open-ended answers to natural language queries about audio.

arXiv AI
Jun 8

FIGMA: Towards FIne-Grained Music retrievAl

arXiv:2606. 06615v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Retrieving music using natural language descriptions has improved with contrastive audio-text models such as CLAP, but current systems remain limited to coarse semantic queries.

By Nishit Anand, Ashish Seth, Sreyan Ghosh, Dinesh Manocha, Ramani Duraiswami
arXiv AI
Jun 30

ORCA: Open-ended Response Correctness Assessment for Audio Question Answering

arXiv:2512. 09066v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reliable assessment of the abilities of large audio language models (LALMs) is essential to advancing the state of the art.

By \v{S}imon Sedl\'a\v{c}ek, Sara Barahona, Bolaji Yusuf, Laura Herrera-Alarc\'on, Santosh Kesiraju, Cecilia Bola\~nos, Alicia Lozano-Diez, Sathvik Udupa, Fernando L\'opez, Allison Ferner, Ramani Duraiswami, Jan \v{C}ernock\'y
arXiv AI
Aug 26

EXAM$^2$: $\underline{Ex}tending$ $\underline{A}udio$ $Understanding$ $in$ $\underline{M}ultilingual$ $and$ $\underline{M}ultimodal$ $Analysis$

EXAM$^2$ is a new benchmark for audio understanding that covers six languages and multiple modalities—speech, sound, music, mixed-audio, and visual images—providing 5,667 multiple-choice questions, 22,614 image instances, and 135,684 multilingual translations. It evaluates large audio language models (LALMs) and multimodal large language models (LLMs), revealing significant gaps in multilingual and cross‑modal performance. The authors also introduce Gemma3n-EXAM$^2$, a lightweight fusion model that improves multilingual results by up to 12.4% and multimodal results by 21.7% over a strong baseline.

By Jiawen Wang, Xiaoxue Gao, Zi Haur Pang, Nancy F. Chen
arXiv AI
Jun 2

Multimodal Music Recommendation System using LLMs

arXiv:2606. 00125v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Music recommendation systems typically treat songs as opaque tokens, relying on collaborative interaction histories which overlooks semantic or acoustic content.

By Srikar Prabhas Kandagatla, Sreehitha R. Narayana, Chandana Magapu, Swetha Mohan, Shamanth Kuthpadi, Hongjie Chen, Ryan A. Rossi, Franck Dernoncourt, Nesreen Ahmed
arXiv AI
Sep 16

MUUNRiver-Bench: Diagnosing Relation-Dependent Music Retrieval with Multimodal Instructions

MUUNRiver-Bench is a diagnostic benchmark for music retrieval that uses natural‑language instructions to define relevance for reference‑audio queries. It contains 3,440 tracks across 13 genres and 116 sub‑genres and covers seven tasks such as similar‑music, style‑preserving lyric‑rewriting, cover, and segment retrieval. Experiments with six models in eight configurations show that acoustic encoders favor local identity while text‑aligned encoders favor semantic relations, and that instruction‑aware and audio‑text fusion systems do not consistently outperform their backbones.

By Zhancheng Guo, Congren Dai, Shangda Wu, Jianhuai Hu, Danni Zhao, Xiaobing Li, Maosong Sun
arXiv AI
Jun 9

Audio-FLAN: An Instruction-Following Dataset for Unified Audio Understanding and Generation of Speech, Music, and Sound

arXiv:2502. 16584v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recent advancements in audio tokenization have significantly enhanced the integration of audio capabilities into large language models (LLMs).

By Liumeng Xue, Ziya Zhou, Jiahao Pan, Zixuan Li, Shuai Fan, Yinghao Ma, Sitong Cheng, Dongchao Yang, Haohan Guo, Yujia Xiao, Xinsheng Wang, Zixuan Shen, Chuanbo Zhu, Xinshen Zhang, Tianchi Liu, Ruibin Yuan, Zeyue Tian, Haohe Liu, Xingjian Du, Emmanouil Benetos, Ge Zhang, Yike Guo, Wei Xue
arXiv AI
Jun 12

CMI-RewardBench: Evaluating Music Reward Models with Compositional Multimodal Instruction

arXiv:2603. 00610v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: While music generation models have evolved to handle complex multimodal inputs mixing text, lyrics, and reference audio, evaluation mechanisms have lagged behind.

By Yinghao Ma, Haiwen Xia, Hewei Gao, Weixiong Chen, Yuxin Ye, Yuchen Yang, Sungkyun Chang, Mingshuo Ding, Yizhi Li, Ruibin Yuan, Simon Dixon, Emmanouil Benetos
arXiv AI
Sep 2

MusTBench: Benchmarking and Advancing Temporal Grounding in Music LLMs

MusTBench is a music‑expert‑validated benchmark that evaluates temporal grounding in Large Audio‑Language Models (LALMs) through five temporally grounded question‑answering tasks. The paper also introduces MusT, a four‑stage optimization recipe—music encoder adaptation, LLM adaptation, supervised fine‑tuning, and RL‑based optimization—to improve temporal grounding. Experiments show that current LALMs struggle with precise temporal grounding, while MusT yields significant improvements, highlighting temporal grounding as a key missing capability in these models.

By Daeyong Kwon, Qiyu Wu, Shinobu Kuriya, Junghyun Koo, Shuyang Cui, Zhi Zhong, Wei-Hsiang Liao, Hiromi Wakaki, Yuki Mitsufuji
arXiv Computation and Language
Sep 25

An Evaluation Framework for Structured Audio Captions Validated by Controlled Perturbations

The paper introduces an evaluation framework for structured audio captions that separates acoustic and semantic aspects, such as timestamped sound event descriptions. It covers five axes—tag sets, descriptions, reasoning, numeric measurements, and spectral profiles—using large language model judges for semantics and deterministic metrics for temporal and acoustic features. Controlled perturbations validate that the metrics are robust to paraphrases but sensitive to real semantic and acoustic errors.

By Liang-Yuan Wu, Sripathi Sridhar, Mark Cartwright, Magdalena Fuentes