arXiv Computation and Language

EmbeddingGemma 2: Unified and Efficient Multimodal Representations

EmbeddingGemma 2 is an open multimodal embedding model that natively represents text, images, audio, video, and their combinations in a unified space. It introduces simplified per‑layer embeddings and a multi‑stage curriculum that improves quality across unimodal, cross‑modal, and mixed‑modal tasks. The model sets a new Pareto frontier in comprehensive benchmarks, outperforming specialist and larger models, while offering flexibility for resource‑constrained settings through selective encoder loading, adjustable token budgets, truncatable dimensions, and quantized weights.

arXiv Machine Learning

Jun 16

MVEB: Massive Video Embedding Benchmark

arXiv:2606. 14958v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce the Massive Video Embedding Benchmark (MVEB), a 23-task benchmark for video embeddings spanning classification, zero-shot classification, clustering, pair classification, retrieval, and video-centric question answering.

By Adnan El Assadi, Roman Solomatin, Isaac Chung, Chenghao Xiao, Deep Shah, Manan Dey, Shriya Sudhakar, Zacharie Bugaud, Wissam Siblini, Ayush Sunil Munot, Yashwanth Devavarapu, Rakshitha Ireddi, Michelle Yang, M\'arton Kardos, Niklas Muennighoff, Kenneth Enevoldsen

rag nlp multimodal benchmarks

arXiv Machine Learning

Aug 18

FuseLIP: Multimodal Embeddings via Early Fusion of Discrete Tokens

arXiv:2506. 03096v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Contrastive language-image pre-training aligns features of text-image pairs in a common latent space via distinct encoders for each modality.

By Christian Schlarmann, Francesco Croce, Nicolas Flammarion, Matthias Hein

llms rag diffusion multimodal

arXiv Machine Learning

Jul 21

MultiLoReFT: Decoupling Shared and Modality-Specific Subspaces in Multimodal Learning via Low-Rank Representation Fine-Tuning

arXiv:2607. 16789v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Real-world perception and decision making are inherently multimodal, integrating complementary signals across modalities.

By Sana Tonekaboni, Viktoria Schuster, Caroline Uhler

fine-tuning multimodal benchmarks safety

arXiv Machine Learning

Jun 2

Reconstructing Content via Collaborative Attention to Improve Multimodal Embedding Quality

arXiv:2603. 01471v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Multimodal embedding models, rooted in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), have yielded significant performance improvements across diverse tasks such as retrieval and classification.

By Jiahan Chen, Da Li, Hengran Zhang, Yinqiong Cai, Lixin Su, Jiafeng Guo, Daiting Shi, Dawei Yin, Keping Bi

llms rag multimodal

arXiv Machine Learning

Jun 3

Reconstructing Content with Collaborative Attention for Universal Multimodal Representation Learning

arXiv:2603. 01471v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Multimodal embedding models, rooted in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), have yielded significant performance improvements across diverse tasks such as retrieval and classification.

By Jiahan Chen, Da Li, Hengran Zhang, Yinqiong Cai, Lixin Su, Jiafeng Guo, Daiting Shi, Dawei Yin, Keping Bi

llms rag multimodal

arXiv AI

Aug 13

VLM2Rec: Resolving Modality Collapse in Vision-Language Model Embedders for Multimodal Sequential Recommendation

arXiv:2603. 17450v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Sequential Recommendation (SR) in multimodal settings typically relies on small frozen pretrained encoders, which limits semantic capacity and prevents Collaborative Filtering (CF) signals from being fully integrated into item representations.

By Junyoung Kim, Woojoo Kim, Wonbin Kweon, Jaehyung Lim, Dongha Kim, Hwanjo Yu

llms rag fine-tuning multimodal

arXiv AI

Jul 21

LookME: Lookup-Based Multimodal Embeddings for Layer Injection in Vision-Language Models

arXiv:2607. 16305v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved strong progress in multimodal understanding.

By Zeyu Xu, Xingzhong Hou, Pengkai Guo, Siling Lin, Xiao Xu, Menghua Zhai, Haoyu Chen, Yunke Zhang, Fei Huang

llms rag multimodal benchmarks

arXiv AI

Jun 16

MMLongEmbed: Benchmarking Multimodal Embedding Models in Long-Context Scenarios

arXiv:2606. 14747v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent advancements have significantly expanded the theoretical context windows of Multimodal Embedding Models (MEMs).

By Haitian Wang, Ruoxi Sun, Quantong Qiu, Juntao Li, Junhui Li, Hua Chen, Jinxiong Chang, Min Zhang

rag multimodal benchmarks

arXiv Machine Learning

Jun 25

MJEPA: A Simple and Scalable Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture for Audio-Visual Learning

arXiv:2606. 25225v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Self-supervised learning from large-scale video data has emerged as a dominant paradigm for visual representation learning.

By Revant Teotia, Adrien Bardes, Michael Rabbat, Sumit Chopra, Matthew J. Muckley, Nicolas Ballas

rag multimodal benchmarks

arXiv AI

Aug 13

Can Frontier LLMs Match Natively Multimodal Embeddings? A Comparison on Hard-Negative Text-to-Image Retrieval

arXiv:2608. 11343v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal retrieval and classification across different types of media, spanning text, images,video and audio, has traditionally relied on dual-encoder models that align visual and textual representations through contrastive learning.

By Archan Dutta, Vyanktesh Kanungo

llms rag diffusion multimodal

arXiv Computer Vision

Oct 1

Multimodal Flow: Unified Flow Modeling of Language and Vision in Embedding Spaces

arXiv:2609.40362v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present Multimodal Flow, a fully continuous generative model of language and vision. Most unified multimodal models either model both language and q...

By Hongyuan Tao, Xinggang Wang, Lianghui Zhu, Yongkang Li, Yunchao Wei, Bin Feng, Shaoyu Chen, Qian Zhang, Chang Huang, Kai Yu

rag diffusion efficiency multimodal

arXiv AI

Sep 30

ResComEmb: Effective and Efficient Multimodal Embedding via Residual Homogeneity Compression

arXiv:2609.37225v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown strong potential for universal multimodal representation learning. However, existing methods eith...

By Zijing Cai, Yuzhe Wang, Jingxian Zhu, Fengbin Zhu, Richang Hong

llms rag multimodal

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