arXiv Machine Learning

Mostly Reading: What Open-Book Scores Measure in Document-Level LoRA Adapters

The paper investigates how open‑book scoring evaluates document‑level LoRA adapters by training one adapter per Wikipedia article on Llama‑3.1‑8B‑Instruct. Results show that open‑book scores largely reflect a shared reading behaviour: a random adapter can recover most of a specialist’s advantage when the document is provided, but only a negligible fraction when the document is omitted in a cloze probe. While specialists improve cloze recall and their weight updates align with the documents they read, selecting adapters by weight‑space proximity or text embedding does not outperform random choice, and merged adapters recover most of the open‑book advantage but only a small portion of the cloze advantage. The study also documents four silent errors that yielded clean but incorrect results.

arXiv Computation and Language
Oct 15

OpenTWBench (Open Taiwan Benchmark): Taiwan-Domain Knowledge Evaluation for Large Language Models, and How the Measurement Apparatus Shapes the Score

arXiv:2610.19848v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present OpenTWBench, an open evaluation suite for Taiwan-domain knowledge in large language models, built around two benchmarks. tw-exam-bench conta...

By Liang-Hsun Huang, Min-Yi Chen, Chao-Chun Chuang, Yu-Wei Liu, Che-Yu Wu, Po-Feng Lee
arXiv Computation and Language
2d ago

Scan or Index? large Evidence Coverage, Answer Quality, and Cost in Long-Document RAG

arXiv:2610.28957v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Scanning every passage in a long document seems thorough, but does it preserve more useful evidence or produce better answers? We compare 11 retrieval...

By Juan Terven, Diana-Margarita C\'ordova-Esparza, Julio-Alejandro Romero-Gonz\'alez, Edgar Chavez-Urbiola, Juan Irving Vasquez, Julian Andres Ramirez-Bautista, Silvia L. Chaparro-C\'ardenas, Gendry Alfonso-Francia
arXiv AI
Oct 12

Locate, Judge, Read: Role-Specialized Tool Agents over a Knowledge-Point Index for Open-Domain Multimodal Document QA

KnowForge is a modular pipeline for open‑domain multimodal document question answering that separates retrieval, judging, and reading into distinct agents. It uses a hybrid‑retrieval knowledge‑point index, a Locator agent for searching, a Bridge Judge to enforce a second hop, a Deep Reader that handles text, images, and tables, and a synthesizer with format checking. On the M3DocVQA benchmark it achieves an F1 of 47.5, outperforming prior systems by 11 points, and shows strong gains on MultiHop‑RAG and MMLongBench‑Doc as well.

By Wenlin Lin, Fanzhe Wei
arXiv AI
Sep 15

Option-Aware Retrieval and Task-Specific VLM Adaptation for Medical VQA

The paper presents a system for the MedReason 2026 challenge that tackles both multiple‑choice and open‑ended medical visual question answering using offline, containerized inference. Key findings include that comparing answer semantics rather than labels boosts retrieval‑only accuracy from 20.0 % to 57.5 % on a 200‑case holdout, and that varying the number of in‑prompt retrieved examples has minimal impact on final accuracy (93.5 %–94.0 %). The final system achieves 94.0 % MCQ accuracy on the development set and 93.20 % on the official pre‑evaluation, far surpassing the off‑the‑shelf baseline. "whyItMatters":"The results demonstrate that semantic‑aware retrieval and careful adapter tuning can dramatically improve medical VQA performance, offering a practical approach for high‑accuracy, offline inference in clinical settings."

By Tristan Kirscher (ICube, Institut Strauss), Niklas C. Koser (CAU), Soren Pirk (CAU)
arXiv AI
Oct 5

Sentence-Level Context Sensitivity as a Training-Free Detector of Unsupported Content, Evaluated Against Trained Verifiers

The paper proposes a training‑free detector that uses sentence‑level context sensitivity to identify unsupported content in retrieval‑augmented generation (RAG) answers. By re‑scoring each sentence with full context, no context, and each chunk removed, the method flags the chunk whose removal most reduces a sentence’s likelihood as the likely source. Evaluated on RAGTruth, TofuEval, and RAGBench, the detector outperforms answer‑level faithfulness scores, achieving AUCs up to 0.745 and matching per‑chunk fact‑checkers while using only a fraction of the compute required by large‑language‑model judges.

By Mohamed Aly Bouke
arXiv AI
Aug 28

Why RAGs Hallucinate: Penalty-Aware Evaluation of Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systems with Knowledge-Gap Canaries

The paper introduces a penalty‑aware evaluation framework for Retrieval‑Augmented Generation (RAG) systems that uses asymmetric scoring, knowledge‑gap canaries, and a failure‑attribution pipeline. Applying this framework to three commercial RAG products and a baseline on SimpleQA‑Verified, the authors find that while overall accuracy is similar across systems, canary violation rates vary dramatically, showing that systems differ more in when they answer than in what they answer. The study demonstrates that penalty‑aware scoring can reorder system rankings and is robust across different penalty settings.

By Alden Do Rosario, Hussein Younes, Felipe Pires