arXiv AI

Beyond a Global Norm: Personalizing Toxicity Sensitivity in Language Models Without Retraining

arXiv:2607. 23175v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reducing toxicity is often framed as a global alignment problem, yet perceptions of harmful language are subjective and context-dependent.

arXiv AI
Jul 7

Large Language Models Generate Harmful Responses Using a Distinct Mechanism, Shared Across Harm Types

arXiv:2604. 09544v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) undergo alignment training to avoid harmful behaviors, yet the resulting safeguards remain brittle: jailbreaks routinely bypass them, and fine-tuning on narrow domains can induce ``emergent misalignment'' that generalizes broadly.

By Hadas Orgad, Boyi Wei, Kaden Zheng, Martin Wattenberg, Peter Henderson, Seraphina Goldfarb-Tarrant, Yonatan Belinkov
arXiv AI
1d ago

LLM Safety Alignment in Low-Resource Languages: A Systematic Literature Review

arXiv:2608. 14626v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved substantial progress in safety alignment, yet their safety guarantees remain significantly weaker in low-resource and multilingual settings than in high-resource languages.

By Valdini Douglace Lemofouet, Blessing Ngozi Uzor, Paula Chikaodinaka Anyanwu, Danielle Blanche Kapsa, Sukairaj Hafiz Imam, P Sam Sahil, Abigail Oppong, Tassallah Abdullahi, Clemencia Siro, Idris Abdulmumin, Seid Muhie Yimam, Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad
arXiv AI
Aug 5

A Blind Spot in Alignment: Quantifying Biosecurity Risks in Large Language Models

arXiv:2608. 02684v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are accelerating biological research, yet this same capability poses a critical biosecurity threat: models that assist in protein engineering can equally be prompted to generate predicted toxin-like sequences, potentially lowering the barrier to biological misuse.

By Shu Quan, Tianfang Hao, Sitong Fang, He Geng, Jiayi Zhou, Boyuan Chen, Kaile Wang, Donghai Hong, Juntao Dai, Yaodong Yang, Jiaming Ji
arXiv AI
Jul 7

Oyster-II: Reinforcement Learning for Constructive Safety Alignment in Large Language Models

arXiv:2607. 02914v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse applications, yet ensuring their simultaneous safety, helpfulness, and trustworthiness remains a persistent challenge.

By Jiyang Guan, Yong Xie, Jun Chen, Jiexi Liu, Zipeng Ye, Defeng Li, Jiayu Shen, Jialing Tao, Hui Xue