The review surveys 4D millimeter‑wave radar perception algorithms for autonomous driving, covering signal processing, object detection, semantic segmentation, motion estimation, occupancy prediction, and dynamic scene reconstruction. It organizes the field by perception tasks, discusses radar fundamentals, data representations, and quality‑enhancement methods, and compares radar‑only learning, multimodal fusion, and cross‑modal supervision. The paper also summarizes datasets, annotations, evaluation protocols, and outlines common challenges and future research directions.
By Xumin Wu, Jun Zhou, Jilin Mei, Chen Min, Yu Hu
arXiv:2607. 04541v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Camera-radar (CR) fusion is a practical sensing configuration for autonomous driving, but existing models are typically trained with task-specific supervision, limiting reusable representation learning.
By Jingyu Song, Yi Liu, Katherine A. Skinner
arXiv:2606. 09634v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: 3D object detection is the backbone of perception for automated vehicles (AV) and broader intelligent transportation systems applications.
By Debojyoti Biswas, Xianbiao Hu
3D object detection is the backbone of perception for automated vehicles (AV) and broader intelligent transportation systems applications. Long-range detection is challenging because sensing evidence is sparse; yet this ``long-range'' scenario is routine in traffic.
RLG-TPV introduces a multimodal Tri-Perspective View framework that fuses camera, radar, and training‑time LiDAR data for 3D object detection. It uses radar and LiDAR to guide a ray‑deformable attention lift, refining depth distributions and providing geometric supervision for side and front planes, while radar cross‑section awareness spreads evidence spatially. On nuScenes, the method attains 0.4981 mAP and 0.5959 NDS, improving orientation and velocity accuracy by about 32 % and 31 % over the CRN baseline.
By Ahmet Mete Dokgoz, A. Enes Doruk, Hasan F. Ates
arXiv:2609.24151v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Four-dimensional (4D) Radar has emerged as a key sensor for environmental perception, providing range, azimuth, elevation, and Doppler measurements whi...
By Seung-Hyun Song, Dong-Hee Paek, Seung-Hyun Kong
arXiv:2602. 11554v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: How far can 3D object detection go using 4D radar alone?
By Yichun Xiao, Runwei Guan, Jin Jin, Fangqiang Ding
The paper presents a stereo 4D Radar framework for 3D object detection that uses geometric disparity between left and right radars to estimate absolute velocity and fuse complementary features. It addresses clutter, ghost reflections, and sparse data issues inherent in raw 4D Radar signals. Experiments on an in‑house dataset show significant gains, improving AP 3D by 8.82 points and AP BEV by 9.0 points over mono‑radar baselines.
By Seung-Hyun Song, Dong-Hee Paek, Woong-Chan Byun, Seung-Hyun Kong
The paper presents a stereo 4D Radar-based framework for 3D object detection that uses the geometric disparity between left and right radars to estimate absolute velocity and fuse complementary features. It addresses challenges such as clutter, ghost reflections, and sparse data caused by preprocessing, and improves motion state estimation beyond the radial Doppler component. Experiments on an in‑house stereo 4D Radar dataset show significant gains of 8.82 points in AP 3D and 9.0 points in AP BEV over mono‑radar baselines.
DyRAD introduces a novel radar novel‑view synthesis framework that models dynamic driving scenes by separating static background reflectors from motion‑tracked dynamic point reflectors, enabling the rendering of full range‑azimuth‑Doppler (RAD) tensors. The method derives reflector velocities from object tracks, projects them onto the line of sight, and uses a fixed analytic point‑spread function to avoid embedding sensor‑induced spread into the scene representation. This design allows accurate scene reconstruction and zero‑shot transfer to different radar configurations, achieving a 90.7% recovery of radar detections on the RADIal dataset compared to 26.9% for the best baseline.
By Merav Keidar, Tomer Borreda, Rajalakshmi Nandakumar, Or Litany
arXiv:2608.30657v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Fixed-viewpoint infrastructure sensors repeatedly observe the same traffic space, making roadside 3D occupancy structurally different from ego-vehicle...
By Lei Yang, Xiaokai Bai, Boqi Li, Chunmian Lin, Li Wang, Ziying Song, Jiahuan Zhang, Enhui Ma, Haibao Yu, Jiaqi Ma, Kaicheng Yu
arXiv:2609.22857v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Dynamic object segmentation and ego-motion estimation are closely coupled problems in autonomous driving, as accurate ego-motion estimation typically r...
By Astik Srivastava, Suhani Grover, Avinash Sharma, Madhava Krishna