arXiv Computation and Language

Phantom Paradoxes: Language Models Treat Unresolved Circular Truth Dependence as Contradiction

arXiv Computation and Language
Sep 16

EviScope: Paired Counterfactual Evidence Diagnostics for Faithful and Efficient Grounded Language Models

EviScope is a new paired counterfactual benchmark that evaluates grounded language models by fixing the question while manipulating evidence—adding, removing, distracting, or contradicting it. The v1.1 dataset includes 40 four‑condition quartets with repaired counterfactual claims and span‑level support labels for automated assessment. Experiments on Qwen2.5‑7B, Llama 3.1 8B, and Gemini 3.5 Flash show that paired metrics reveal grounding behaviors hidden by simple answer accuracy, such as unsupported answers, conflict blindness, and incorrect non‑answer actions.

By Suryadeep Singh Deswal
arXiv AI
Aug 14

Self-Referential Induction Increases Response Instability Relative to Unresolvable and Verifiable Questions in Large Language Models

arXiv:2608. 13258v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Self-referential prompting has been shown to reliably induce large language models to produce first-person reports resembling subjective experience, but no prior work measures how consistent these reports are across repeated, independent trials, or how that consistency compares to the model's behavior on other kinds of open-ended questions.

By Paras Balani, Subhrakanta Panda
arXiv Computation and Language
3d ago

A Capitulation Direction Emerges With Scale and Is Causally Load-Bearing Where Validation Is Strong: Eight Models, Two Families, and Five Measurement Hazards

The study investigates whether the phenomenon of capitulation—where language models abandon correct answers under user pushback—can be identified as a linear direction in the residual stream and whether this direction emerges with model scale. Analyzing eight instruction‑tuned models from 0.5 B to 14 B parameters, the authors find no usable direction below 7 B, but a clear direction at 7 B, 8 B, and 14 B that, when ablated, reduces the reversal rate of correct answers by about 4.8 percentage points. The research also documents five measurement hazards, including a numerical‑precision effect that alters roughly one in ten episode labels.

By Saad Aamir, Muhammad Awais Bin Adil
arXiv AI
2d ago

Reasoning over Non-Parametric Memory in Multilingual LLMs: A Cognitive-Based Analysis of Relational Knowledge

The paper introduces “Rel-Bloom,” a multilingual diagnostic benchmark of 450 multiple-choice questions that tests language models’ ability to reason over relational facts supplied directly in prompts. It evaluates 43 models across six languages and two multilingual settings, revealing that accuracy drops sharply from Apply to Analyze levels, that Evaluate items remain a bottleneck even for high-performing models, and that difficulty rankings are consistent across languages. The study also finds that counterfactual contexts are generally harder than factual ones, and that removing entity identities can sometimes improve higher-level performance.

By Zohreh Abbasi Liasi, Batoul Hammoud, Anas Madkoor, Ehsaneddin Asgari