arXiv:2604.01024v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We study model-based learning of finite-window policies in tabular partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs). A common approach to le...
arXiv:2602. 09474v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We study reinforcement learning in MDPs whose transition function is stochastic at most steps but may behave adversarially at a fixed subset of $\Lambda$ steps per episode.
arXiv:2603. 03480v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We study reinforcement learning with delayed state observation, where the agent observes the current state after some random number of time steps.
arXiv:2510. 02149v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We introduce Action-Triggered Sporadically Traceable Markov Decision Processes (ATST-MDPs), a reinforcement learning framework for partial observability in which full state observations occur stochastically at each step, with probability determined by the chosen action.
The paper introduces a Bayesian self‑escalation strategy for hierarchical large‑language‑model agents, allowing an agent to detect during its own reasoning that it is unlikely to succeed and hand control over to a stronger model. The authors formalise this as an optimal‑stopping problem over a learned competence posterior, derive a myopic escalation threshold, and prove that the optimal policy is a time‑varying threshold without assumptions on the raw signal. They provide theoretical guarantees—including a 1/√n regret decay with n calibration trajectories—and validate the approach in simulations and a real‑model code‑generation cascade, showing that the escalation frontier outperforms post‑hoc routing at equal cost. whyItMatters":"The study offers a principled, theoretically grounded method for agents to dynamically decide when to seek stronger models, potentially improving efficiency and reliability in hierarchical LLM systems."
arXiv:2607. 16981v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: An agent acting under partial observability must decide when to gather information and which observations are worth their cost.
The paper introduces the Belief-State Engine (BSE), an inference module that supplies a large language model (LLM) with a Bayesian posterior over hidden states in a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP). By keeping the raw action‑observation log hidden from the LLM, the BSE ensures the agent behaves as a sound Markov policy on the belief MDP, thereby inheriting classical POMDP optimality guarantees. Experiments on the Tiger POMDP and a red‑team attack‑graph task show that BSE‑augmented agents outperform six baselines in task return, belief calibration, and decision consistency.
arXiv:2606. 02363v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We study sequential decision-making in partially observable environments against strategic, adaptive opponents, modeled as partially observable Markov games (POMGs).
arXiv:2606. 31769v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We study policy optimization for online episodic tabular Markov decision processes with unknown transition kernels, aiming for best-of-both-worlds guarantees together with data-dependent regret bounds.
arXiv:2607. 23602v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Controllers based on sampling and latent world models assign a predicted terminal cost to each candidate action sequence, choose the minimum, execute its first action block, and replan.
arXiv:2602. 12963v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: An important question in the field of AI is the extent to which successful behaviour requires an internal representation of the world.
arXiv:2608. 10936v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study a Restart POMDP (Partially Observable Markov Decision Process) on a general Borel state space, where the controller either lets the hidden state evolve unobserved or restarts the system and observes the new state.