arXiv:2606. 13673v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Spatial reasoning, the ability to determine where objects are, how they relate, and how they move in 3D, remains a fundamental challenge for vision-language models (VLMs).
By Seokju Cho, Ryo Hachiuma, Abhishek Badki, Hang Su, Byung-Kwan Lee, Chan Hee Song, Sifei Liu, Subhashree Radhakrishnan, Seungryong Kim, Yu-Chiang Frank Wang, Min-Hung Chen
arXiv:2606. 12830v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While recent vision-language models (VLMs) demonstrate strong multimodal understanding, they remain limited in spatial reasoning tasks that require active evidence acquisition and multi-step visual interaction.
By Changye Li, Meng Lu, Yi Wu, Ligeng Zhu
arXiv:2610.01999v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Spatial reasoning benchmarks evaluate vision-language models across diverse tasks, but task-level scores do not reveal which underlying capabilities ac...
By Pengzhan Sun, Junbin Xiao, Ramanathan Rajaraman, Shiu-hong Kao, Angela Yao
arXiv:2606. 04381v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent large language models (LLMs) often appear to exhibit spatial reasoning ability; however, this capability is largely \emph{symbolic}, arising from pattern matching over spatial language rather than true \emph{geometric} reasoning over space.
By Chen Chu, Bita Azarijoo, Li Xiong, Khurram Shafique, Cyrus Shahabi
Recent large language models (LLMs) often appear to exhibit spatial reasoning ability; however, this capability is largely \emph{symbolic}, arising from pattern matching over spatial language rather than true \emph{geometric} reasoning over space. Because LLMs operate on discrete tokens, they lack native support for continuous spatial representations, explicit geometric computation, and structured spatial operators.
arXiv:2606. 17539v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Spatial VLMs have made substantial progress in geometric perception, yet complex spatial reasoning requiring multi-step inference over depth, distance, and scene relations remains challenging.
By Yatai Ji, An-Chieh Cheng, Yang Fu, Yukang Chen, Han Zhang, Zhaojing Yang, Wei Huang, Ka Chun Cheung, Song Han, Vidya Nariyambut Murali, Pavlo Molchanov, Jan Kautz, Simon See, Hongxu Yin, Ping Luo, Sifei Liu
MultihopSpatial is a new benchmark for Vision‑Language Models that focuses on multi‑hop, compositional spatial reasoning with queries ranging from 1 to 3 hops across varied spatial perspectives. It introduces the Acc@50IoU metric, which jointly evaluates answer selection and precise bounding‑box prediction, and provides a large‑scale training corpus, MultihopSpatial‑Train, to improve spatial intelligence. Evaluation of 37 state‑of‑the‑art VLMs shows that compositional spatial reasoning remains a significant challenge, and reinforcement learning fine‑tuning on the corpus boosts both intrinsic spatial reasoning and downstream embodied manipulation performance.
By Youngwan Lee, Soojin Jang, Yoorhim Cho, Seunghwan Lee, Yong-Ju Lee, Sung Ju Hwang
arXiv:2511. 07403v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in vision-language tasks, but continue to struggle with spatial reasoning.
By Hunar Batra, Haoqin Tu, Hardy Chen, Yuanze Lin, Cihang Xie, Ronald Clark
arXiv:2606.22694v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Vision-Language Models (VLMs) remain unreliable when spatial reasoning requires composing relations whose meanings depend on frames of reference. E...
By Danial Kamali, Tanawan Premsri, Shreya Rajpal, Amir Zadeh, Chuan Li, Parisa Kordjamshidi
arXiv:2606. 11719v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Spatial reasoning remains a persistent challenge for multimodal large language models (MLLMs).
By Enhan Zhao, Wei Wu, Yuanrui Zhang, Xueliang Zhao, Di He
arXiv:2608.12743v3 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Spatial intelligence is becoming a foundation for embodied agents, robotic planning, and multimodal assistants. To improve the spatial reasoning ab...
By Haokai Zhang, Yuhang Ding, Yunshu Zhou, Xinze Du, Shengtao Zhang, Zhiyue Zhao, Yuling Xi, Hao Chen
arXiv:2510.13394v4 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Spatial reasoning ability is crucial for Vision Language Models (VLMs) to support real-world applications in diverse domains including robotics, au...
By Xinmiao Huang, Qisong He, Zhenglin Huang, Boxuan Wang, Zhuoyun Li, Guangliang Cheng, Yi Dong, Xiaowei Huang