The paper surveys how large language models (LLMs) are integrated into software systems under various labels such as chatbot, copilot, retrieval‑augmented generation (RAG), workflow, coding agent, and AI agent. It identifies seven recurring architectural forms—LLM chats, custom agents, RAG, AI‑enhanced workflows, copilots, coding agents, and agentic RAG—and describes each along four structural dimensions: architectural pattern, execution control, user intervention point, and tool usage. The study uses a corpus of 22 systems from research and vendor documentation to illustrate these forms and their limits.
arXiv:2606. 29116v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly being adopted in low-code and no-code automation platforms, where non-expert users design workflows that combine natural language understanding with external services and APIs.
arXiv:2606. 04967v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI tools for programming are no longer just autocomplete or chat assistants: they organize themselves as development frameworks, with process, roles, artifacts and verification.
ChatDev 2.0, also called DevAll, is a no-code platform that lets users build, run, and inspect heterogeneous multi‑agent systems (MAS) powered by large language models. It combines a declarative executable graph abstraction with a cycle‑aware execution engine, enabling representation and execution of dynamic, cyclic interactions among diverse agents. The integrated visual interface allows users to author, monitor, and inspect MAS—including human‑in‑the‑loop steps—without writing code, and experiments show it matches state‑of‑the‑art MAS performance across three tasks.
arXiv:2608. 00101v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI coding agents like GitHub Copilot, Claude Code, and Codex interleave multi-step LLM inference with tool execution, creating a workload different from chatbots.
arXiv:2512. 22256v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Software issue resolution aims to address real-world issues in software repositories based on natural language descriptions provided by users, and represents a key aspect of software maintenance.
arXiv:2606. 11869v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Custom AI agents areagents that live inside their own application, talk to their own data and tools, enforce their own security boundaries, and carry their own brand and audit trail.
The paper investigates challenges in open‑source large‑language‑model (LLM) based multi‑agent systems (MAS). By analyzing 944 issues extracted from 21 projects, it finds that orchestration and execution problems are most common, with workflow, tool integration, and memory issues as primary causes. The predominant remedy identified is optimizing workflow, and the study offers empirically grounded implications for improving orchestration, tool integration, and memory mechanisms in LLM‑based MAS.
arXiv:2606. 14502v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are undergoing a fundamental transformation from conversational generators into integrated AI systems capable of reasoning, action, memory, and self-improvement.
The paper proposes using Small Language Models (SLMs) as a task‑tool relevance classifier to verify each tool call made by AI agents. By evaluating every selected tool against the assigned task, the SLM provides a relevance signal that can be used for downstream enforcement. The authors introduce a novel dataset of multi‑tool tasks across distinct Model Context Protocol servers and explore prompt‑optimization, supervised fine‑tuning, and reinforcement learning (GRPO) to optimize and specialize the SLMs.
arXiv:2608. 15591v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Model (LLM) agents deployed in production environments face a fundamental tension: the agent's behavior is frozen at deployment time, while the business rules and edge cases it must handle continue to evolve.
arXiv:2606. 08531v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly evolving from simple text-based interaction systems into LLM agents that can maintain memory, use tools, access external environments, and execute tasks.
arXiv:2606. 05608v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: For over half a century, software engineering has operated on a foundational premise: human engineers decompose problems, encode decision logic into static code, and manually adapt that code as requirements evolve.