The paper presents a method to replace traditional window-based tracking in geostationary atmospheric motion vector (AMV) stereo matching with deep optical flow, enabling efficient and accurate retrieval of dense three‑dimensional wind fields. A stereo teacher model is distilled into a single‑satellite student model that emulates the teacher’s uncertainty estimates, allowing global wind generation from full‑disk GEO imagery. Validation against radiosondes, operational AMVs, ERA5 reanalysis, and EarthCARE cloud profiles shows that the stereo winds outperform operational AMVs in water‑vapor bands while performing slightly worse in the long‑wave infrared band.
The Meteosat Third Generation (MTG) Flexible Combined Imager (FCI) offers new opportunities for tropospheric temperature and humidity profiling, at higher spatio-temporal resolutions and expanded spec...
The study presents a spatially aware deep learning framework that retrieves all‑sky tropospheric temperature and humidity profiles from the Meteosat Third Generation Flexible Combined Imager (FCI) without relying on numerical weather prediction background fields. Using a Residual U‑Net trained on 14 months of collocated FCI observations and CERRA reanalysis data, the model achieves temperature biases below 0.4 K and relative humidity standard deviations between 12–20 %, with modest performance degradation under cloud cover. Ablation and feature‑sensitivity analyses confirm that incorporating spatial context across all 16 FCI channels, including visible and near‑infrared bands, improves retrieval accuracy, especially beneath cloud tops.
The paper presents a dual‑encoder Transformer model for estimating Planetary Boundary Layer Height (PBLH) from satellite radiances, addressing challenges of multimodal, spatially incomplete data. It benchmarks eight different approaches, analyzes model reliance via grouped Shapley decomposition, and demonstrates that the proposed architecture achieves a mean absolute error of 155.8 m on a global test set, outperforming all baselines. On out‑of‑distribution data from the TEAMx campaign, the model attains 165.3 m MAE, better than a pixel‑wise baseline trained on the same data.
SatUnreal is a synthetic dataset created with Unreal Engine that offers 10,000 high‑resolution (0.3 m GSD) satellite stereo pairs. It addresses key limitations of existing benchmarks by ensuring physical geometry simulation, spatio‑temporal consistency, topographic diversity, and mathematically precise occlusion masks via a two‑step line‑trace algorithm. Models trained solely on SatUnreal outperform those trained on real datasets when transferred to real‑world benchmarks such as US3D and WHU‑Stereo.
The paper introduces PRISMA, a generative framework that separates precipitation prior training from sensor-specific constraints, allowing flexible composition of heterogeneous satellite observations without retraining the core model. By integrating FY‑4B/AGRI, GPM/GMI, F16‑F18 SSMIS, and GPM/DPR‑Ka data, PRISMA consistently improves precipitation‑estimation accuracy and outperforms IMERG Final in CRPS and RMSE while maintaining positive Brier skill across thresholds. The framework supports rapid, accurate ensemble precipitation estimates, enhancing satellite‑based monitoring for hydrometeorological hazards.
arXiv:2607. 05207v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Self-supervised learning (SSL) is designed to learn generic, transferable representations rather than representations optimized for a single task.
arXiv:2606. 30647v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Dense volumetric reconstruction of cloud microphysical fields from sparse ground-based instruments remains an open problem, largely because the available measurements are heterogeneous in both modality and spatial coverage.
arXiv:2608. 12271v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Global weather reanalyses and forecasts resolve the evolving atmospheric state on coarse grids, but site-specific applications require predictions at arbitrary locations where near-surface conditions also depend on unresolved terrain and land-surface properties.
arXiv:2609.21095v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present MarsFM, an image-conditioned latent flow-matching model for local Martian relief estimation from single-band HiRISE RED orthoimagery. The me...
Large 3D foundation models such as MASt3R achieve state-of-the-art stereo reconstruction but are computationally demanding for deployment under strict hardware constraints -- a critical limitation in domains such as planetary exploration, where onboard computing is severely restricted. We study how far such models can be compressed through knowledge distillation, using lunar stereo reconstruction as a challenging and practically relevant case study.
arXiv:2608. 05103v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Data assimilation (DA) uses Bayesian inference to update the state of a numerical forecast model with observed data.
arXiv:2606. 19026v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Forecast errors in high-resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems are often linked to unresolved planetary boundary layer (PBL) processes, convection, terrain-induced circulations, and other vertically structured atmospheric phenomena.