AI systems are increasingly involved in decisions and actions that may later require investigation. When an AI related incident occurs, investigators need to reconstruct what the system did, why it behaved that way, and which part of the system or supply chain contributed to the outcome.
The paper investigates an agentic framework for open‑world fake image detection that combines specialist detectors with per‑detector triage, prompting, and conflict‑aware evidence arbitration. Experiments across six configurations and three multimodal large language model backbones reveal that naive detector fusion yields high false‑positive rates, while triage and prompting consistently filter unreliable evidence. The most significant improvement comes from the reasoning component: a stronger judge markedly outperforms a weaker one, especially under distribution shift, and overall manipulation recall is nearly saturated, highlighting that the key challenge lies in calibrating trust and arbitrating conflicting forensic evidence rather than detecting manipulations themselves.
By Xianlong Li (IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy), Pietro Bongini (University of Siena, Italy), Niccol\'o Pancino (University of Siena, Italy), Marco Blanchini (IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy), Benedetta Tondi (University of Siena, Italy), Mauro Barni (University of Siena, Italy)
arXiv:2608. 03520v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI systems are increasingly involved in decisions and actions that may later require investigation.
By Ali Dehghantanha, Sajad Homayoun
arXiv:2606. 04990v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM)-based agents are evolving from passive text generators into autonomous systems capable of planning, tool use, retrieval, memory access, environmental interaction, and multi-agent collaboration.
By Yiqi Wang, Jiaqi Zhang, Taotao Cai, Zirui Liu, Qingqiang Sun, Zequn Sun, Zhangkai Wu, Manqing Dong, Mingkai Zhang, Xuefei Yin, Yanming Zhu
arXiv:2512. 16300v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Existing image forgery detection (IFD) methods either exploit low-level, semantics-agnostic artifacts or rely on multimodal large language models (MLLMs) with high-level semantic knowledge.
By Fanrui Zhang, Qiang Zhang, Sizhuo Zhou, Jianwen Sun, Chuanhao Li, Jiaxin Ai, Yukang Feng, Yujie Zhang, Wenjie Li, Zizhen Li, Yifan Chang, Jiawei Liu, Kaipeng Zhang
arXiv:2609.39066v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Conventional image forgery detection methods produce binary scores or pixel-level masks without interpretable evidence, while recent multimodal large l...
By Zhiya Tan, Jing Huang, Changtao Miao, Lin Tan, Xin Zhang, Weiwei Feng, Jianshu Li, Joey Tianyi Zhou
LEDGER is a tracing and review system for large language model agents that constructs layered trace graphs from observed sessions. It groups raw trace records into Evidence Nodes and Workflow Nodes, anchors artifacts as evidence, and adds typed semantic edges linking claims to supporting actions, artifacts, and checks. The resulting traces reveal workflow decisions, artifact lineage, repair steps, validation coverage, and claim‑support paths for evidence‑centered audit.
By Daehong Kim, Haichao Miao, Shusen Liu
arXiv:2609.05876v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: AI-generated image detection is increasingly open-world: new image generators produce highly realistic images that make visual artifacts harder to id...
By Jiaoyang Chen, Bin Hu, Jingyu Hu, Kun Zhou, Qin Zhang, Zhengzhe Liu
arXiv:2606. 07916v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The growing ability of generative models to produce realistic documents poses a direct challenge to evidentiary workflows in the justice system and the courts, where decisions increasingly depend on the authenticity of evidence such as receipts, communications, and administrative records.
By Kelly McConvey, Jalehsadat Mahdavimoghaddam, Nima Jamali, Maksym Taranukhin, Sajad Ebrahimi, Wentao Zhang, Yuntian Deng, Karen Eltis, Maura R. Grossman, Vered Shwartz, Ebrahim Bagheri
arXiv:2606. 04990v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM)-based agents increasingly solve complex tasks by interacting with external tools, retrieval systems, memory modules, environments, and other agents.
By Yiqi Wang, Jiaqi Zhang, Taotao Cai, Zirui Liu, Qingqiang Sun, Zequn Sun, Zhangkai Wu, Mingkai Zhang, Yanming Zhu
arXiv:2609.06063v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: AI Agents are increasingly deployed in real-world settings, where they interact with external tools and make sequential decisions with limited human ov...
By Vittoria Vineis, Fabiano Veglianti, Lorenzo Antonelli, Claudia Di Carlo, Matteo Silvestri, Gabriele Tolomei
arXiv:2607. 19865v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As autonomous agents rapidly evolve, their ability to reliably manipulate ubiquitous digital documents has become critical for enabling general-purpose AI assistants and automating complex workspace workflows.
By Jiazhen Jiang, Boxi Cao, Lingyong Yan, Yaojie Lu, Hongyu Lin, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Xianpei Han, Le Sun