Autonomous cyber defense systems based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) have attracted significant research attention, yet remain evaluated almost exclusively against static, heuristic red agents, leaving their robustness against adaptive threats critically understudied. Meanwhile, recent advances in Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) have improved LLM reasoning, but their integration into cybersecurity remains elusive due to the absence of suitable benchmark environments and interaction datasets.
arXiv:2607. 28826v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Autonomous Cyber Operations (ACO) are increasingly important for defending enterprise networks as cyber threats continue to evolve in sophistication.
By Konur Tholl, Fran\c{c}ois Rivest, Mariam El Mezouar, Adrian Taylor, Ranwa Al Mallah
arXiv:2603. 13026v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Prompt injection poses serious security risks to real-world LLM applications, particularly autonomous agents.
By Chenlong Yin, Runpeng Geng, Yanting Wang, Jinyuan Jia
arXiv:2606. 18223v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: With sophisticated cyber-attacks becoming increasingly prevalent, modern networks require intelligent autonomous cyber-defense agents trained via Reinforcement Learning (RL).
By Ankita Samaddar, Sandeep Neema, Daniel Balasubramanian, Xenofon Koutsoukos
arXiv:2604. 09523v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Training reinforcement-learning agents for cyber defense requires an environment that reflects the operational setting: noisy, partial observations, several defenders coordinating across a network, and an adaptive adversary realized through self-play.
By Igor Jankowski
arXiv:2602. 04809v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent years have seen an explosion of interest in autonomous cyber defence agents trained to defend computer networks using deep reinforcement learning.
By Elizabeth Bates, Chris Hicks, Vasilios Mavroudis
Indirect prompt injection attacks hijack LLM-based agents by embedding malicious instructions in third-party data that the agent retrieves during task execution. Existing defenses report near-zero attack success rate on static benchmarks, yet recent adaptive evaluations show that these results collapse once the attacker is allowed to optimize against the deployed defense.
arXiv:2510. 06445v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: LLM-based agents are now used throughout cybersecurity.
By Asif Shahriar, Md Nafiu Rahman, Sadif Ahmed, Farig Sadeque, Md Rizwan Parvez
arXiv:2606. 29867v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has achieved significant success in robotics and autonomous systems, yet remains vulnerable to adversarial perturbations that can severely degrade performance.
By Adithya Mohan, Daniel Kriegl, Torsten Sch\"on
arXiv:2606. 15441v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Indirect prompt injection attacks hijack LLM-based agents by embedding malicious instructions in third-party data that the agent retrieves during task execution.
By Lipeng He, Yihan Wang, Jiawen Zhang, N. Asokan
arXiv:2506. 07468v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Conventional large language model (LLM) safety alignment relies on a reactive, disjoint loop: attackers exploit a static model, then defenders patch exposed vulnerabilities.
By Mickel Liu, Liwei Jiang, Yancheng Liang, Simon Shaolei Du, Yejin Choi, Tim Althoff, Natasha Jaques
arXiv:2608. 10669v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents combine language-based reasoning with external tools to perform complex tasks.
By Zixing Chen, Xingyuan Liu, Jie Zhu, Huaixia Dou, Shuo Jiang, Junhui Li, Lifan Guo, Feng Chen, Chi Zhang