Learning POMDP World Models from Observations with Language-Model Priors proposes Pinductor, a method that uses a large language model to generate and refine candidate POMDP models from limited observation-action trajectories. Pinductor achieves performance comparable to privileged LLM-based methods while being up to 330 times more sample‑efficient than standard baselines like DreamerV3, and its effectiveness scales with LLM capability. The approach demonstrates that language‑model priors can substantially reduce the interaction cost required for learning internal world models under partial observability.
arXiv:2609.00455v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are being used as policies for autonomous decision-making and planning in many domains. Despite their strong reasoning cap...
The paper introduces the Belief-State Engine (BSE), an inference module that supplies a large language model (LLM) with a Bayesian posterior over hidden states in a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP). By keeping the raw action‑observation log hidden from the LLM, the BSE ensures the agent behaves as a sound Markov policy on the belief MDP, thereby inheriting classical POMDP optimality guarantees. Experiments on the Tiger POMDP and a red‑team attack‑graph task show that BSE‑augmented agents outperform six baselines in task return, belief calibration, and decision consistency.
arXiv:2606. 19729v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Planning under uncertainty is an essential capability for autonomous robots.
arXiv:2606. 19729v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Planning under uncertainty is an essential capability for autonomous robots.
arXiv:2606. 15654v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Real-world robot task planning must operate under both stochastic action execution and partial observability, yet constructing Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) models for real robotics domains remains difficult and labor-intensive.
arXiv:2607. 28942v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recently Large Language Models (LLMs) have been increasingly deployed as autonomous agents in applications such as self-reflection, retrieval-augmented generation, and scientific discovery.
arXiv:2605. 30880v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Text-agent environments are typically modeled as partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs), assuming that the simulator's latent state and transition dynamics are hidden from the agent.
arXiv:2610.27575v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Model-based reinforcement learning in partially observable environments requires inferring hidden states, learning latent dynamics, and planning under...
arXiv:2601. 18930v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We are interested in enabling autonomous agents to learn and reason about systems with hidden states, such as locking mechanisms.
arXiv:2610.15046v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Beliefs in a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) are posterior distributions over the hidden state given the agent's history of action...
The paper introduces the Pitfall Anticipation World Model (PAWM), a selective guidance system for black-box large language model agents. PAWM predicts imminent failures in a bounded multi-step future and intervenes only when a potential pitfall is detected, reducing costly and often uninformative step-by-step predictions. Trained first with supervised fine-tuning on synthetic pitfall-labeled data and then co-trained with a black-box LLM, PAWM boosts Claude Sonnet 4.5’s performance by 24.3% on ScienceWorld and 7.7% on WebArena-Lite, outperforming several baselines.
The paper introduces a Latent World Model (LWM) for robot navigation that predicts action‑conditioned latent feature compatibility instead of reconstructing future observations. By exploiting the correlation between spatial proximity and latent feature similarity, the model evaluates action consequences directly in latent space and supports counterfactual training using sampled action sequences. The learned world model can supervise policy learning from unlabeled video and further improve policies via reinforcement learning entirely within the model, eliminating the need for action annotations and additional environment interaction.