arXiv Machine Learning

How to Allocate Your Tokens? Scaling Laws with Training Steps and Batch Size

arXiv:2607. 01487v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We propose a scaling law that takes into account model size and training data while explicitly splitting the latter into training steps and batch size (called three-term law).

arXiv AI
Jul 29

Bridging Compute- and Data-Optimal Pretraining

arXiv:2607. 25271v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Classical compute-optimal scaling laws assume an unbounded supply of fresh pretraining data, yet pretraining is increasingly entering a regime in which compute grows faster than the availability of high-quality data.

By Tian Qin, Kimia Hamidieh, David Alvarez-Melis
Hugging Face Trending Papers
Jul 28

Bridging Compute- and Data-Optimal Pretraining

Classical compute-optimal scaling laws assume an unbounded supply of fresh pretraining data, yet pretraining is increasingly entering a regime in which compute grows faster than the availability of high-quality data. We propose Compute-Data (CD) scaling laws, a unified framework that bridges compute-optimal scaling, where data scales freely with compute, and data-optimal scaling, where the corpus is fixed while compute can grow without bound.

arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 31

Deriving Scaling Laws for OpenEuroLLM Models: Learning Rate, Batch Size and Loss

The paper investigates how learning rate and batch size scale when pretraining dense large language models on English‑prevalent corpora, examining both jointly optimal and marginal evolutions across model capacity and data size. It explores the benefits of a Warmup‑Stable‑Decay learning‑rate schedule, assessing whether optimal hyperparameters transfer between stable and decay phases, and evaluates loss scaling forms that capture interactions between model capacity and dataset size. The study provides a baseline scaling procedure and releases the full set of pretraining runs for future OpenEuroLLM development.

By Niccol\`o Ajroldi, Diana Alexandra Onutu, Haider Al-Tahan, J\"org Franke, Sampo Pyysalo, Jenia Jitsev, Aaron Klein
arXiv AI
Aug 25

Towards a Densing Law for User Representation Learning at Billion-Scale Capacity

The paper introduces a User Behavioral Densing Law that quantifies how the minimum sufficient tokenization capacity scales with data size in user representation learning. A pilot study on a billion‑scale Alipay dataset shows raw data scaling bottlenecks and the benefits of tokenization, while theoretical analysis and experiments reveal an approximately linear relationship between the logarithms of tokenization capacity and input data size. Using this law, the authors develop ALGN, an adaptive variable‑length tokenization method that outperforms existing baselines across diverse data sources and downstream tasks.

By Bin Dou, Junru Zhang, Zhaoyi Yuan, Wuliang Huang, Letian Gong, Baokun Wang, Huan Li, Yu Cheng, Weiqiang Wang
arXiv AI
Jul 3

Adaptive Batch Sizes Using Non-Euclidean Gradient Noise Scales for Stochastic Sign and Spectral Descent

arXiv:2602. 03001v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: To maximize hardware utilization, modern machine learning systems typically employ large constant or manually tuned batch size schedules, relying on heuristics that are brittle and costly to tune.

By Hiroki Naganuma, Shagun Gupta, Youssef Briki, Ioannis Mitliagkas, Irina Rish, Parameswaran Raman, Hao-Jun Michael Shi
arXiv AI
Aug 11

Length-MAX Tokenizer for Language Models

arXiv:2511. 20849v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We introduce a new tokenizer for language models that minimizes the average tokens per character, thereby reducing the number of tokens needed to represent text during training and to generate text during inference.

By Dong Dong, Weijie Su