arXiv Computer Vision By Jinkun Zhao, Lei Huang, Haixin Ge, Wenjun Wu

What Color Is the Text? A Benchmark for Hallucination Induced by Image-Embedded Prompt

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The paper introduces Embedded Stroop, a diagnostic test that embeds text prompts directly into images to study interference in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Using the What-Color-Is-the-Text (WCIT) benchmark, which tests 59 fine‑grained colors in standard, flipped, and masked conditions, the authors evaluate 16 models and find that while exact color accuracy is low (6.3%), models still recognize coarse color families (38.4%) but frequently hallucinate the embedded word instead of the true color (Stroop Hallucination Rate of 21.6%). Masking or flipping the embedded text reduces hallucinations, indicating that semantic legibility can dominate visual color perception in MLLMs.

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