arXiv Machine Learning September 29, 2026 By Robert Epps

WEECFP-SuRGE: A Position-Aware Substructure Encoding Method for Molecular Property Prediction

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WEECFP-SuRGE introduces a position‑aware substructure encoding method that combines tokenized hierarchical Morgan fingerprints with graph‑distance‑dependent rotations applied at the input and within transformer self‑attention. The approach captures local chemistry, long‑range interactions, and molecular topology without requiring external pretraining or 3‑D conformer generation. Benchmarks on MoleculeNet and the Therapeutic Data Commons ADMET datasets show competitive performance, and a reconstruction procedure correctly identifies constitutional isomers for 92.6% of a 4,200‑molecule library.

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WEECFP-SuRGE introduces a 1024‑dimensional, parameter‑free continuous fingerprint that distributes each Morgan substructure across about thirty‑two signed positions in a single vector. The accompanying transformer architecture applies Substructure Rotary Graph‑distance Encoding (SuRGE), a RoPE‑like rotation based on molecular shortest‑path graph distance, to the fingerprint tokens. In benchmark tests, a seven‑model blend of this architecture achieves top rankings on the TDC ADMET leaderboard and outperforms classical fingerprints on most MoleculeNet regression tasks, while its tokenization scheme is shown to be near‑lossless and highly efficient for positional memory.

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