Unifying Models of Intergroup Hostility in Online Discourse

The paper examines how six foundational theories of intergroup hostility—boundary construction, threat construction, scapegoating, negative evaluation, dehumanization, and action orientation—manifest in online discourse. Using 2.86 million posts from TikTok, Truth Social, and Twitter/X during the 2024 U.S. presidential election, the authors model these mechanisms within a common empirical framework and find that boundary and threat construction anchor the system, with a regular temporal ordering of rhetorical strategies. The study maps theoretical frameworks onto real-world discourse, offering a clearer empirical basis for computational social science to model intergroup hostility beyond single-label detection.

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