The paper introduces Prototype-Mediated Process Supervision (PMPS), a method that uses learnable reasoning prototypes to provide structural supervision for latent chain-of-thought embeddings, addressing representation collapse and uneven information distribution. PMPS aligns latent and explicit CoT embeddings in a shared prototype space via many-to-many soft assignment and employs a Progressive Sequential Alignment module to guide training from positional priors to adaptive matching. Experiments show PMPS reduces output token length to under 50% of explicit CoT on GSM8K-Aug and improves accuracy by 2.08% over SIM-CoT, even surpassing CoT-SFT on GPT-2 and achieving the highest accuracy among latent reasoning methods on larger models and harder tasks.
By Yiqi Li, Xu Chen, Chen Ju, Jiangchao Yao, Zhaoyang Li, Jinsong Lan, Xiaoyong Zhu, Bo Zheng, Yu Wang
arXiv:2606. 16222v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly rely on intermediate reasoning, yet explicit Chain-of-Thought (CoT) suffers from a linguistic space bottleneck: each thought must be decoded into tokens, causing high inference overhead.
By Xiandong Zou, Jing Huang, Jianshu Li, Pan Zhou
arXiv:2602. 08324v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning successfully enhances the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet it incurs substantial computational overhead for inference.
By Yuntian Tang, Bohan Jia, Wenxuan Huang, Lianyue Zhang, Jiao Xie, Wenxi Li, Wei Li, Jie Hu, Xinghao Chen Rongrong Ji, Shaohui Lin
arXiv:2607.26621v3 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities, motivating their use as the backbone of foundation recommendati...
By Hao Jiang, Peiru Du, Pengfei Yao, Mengting Li, Siyuan Lou, Kuo Cai, Sheng Yu, Qiang Luo, Jian Liang, Ruiming Tang, Fei Pan, Peng Jiang, Wenwu Ou
arXiv:2606. 16360v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting improves reasoning in large language models (LLMs) by externalizing intermediate computation as discrete text tokens, but this textual interface also introduces redundancy and inference overhead.
By Hanyu Lin, Min Cai, Jiawei Wen, Haodi Zhang
arXiv:2505.16782v3 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on complex tasks through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. However, conventional CoT...
By Xinghao Chen, Anhao Zhao, Heming Xia, Xuan Lu, Hanlin Wang, Yanjun Chen, Wei Zhang, Jian Wang, Wenjie Li, Xiaoyu Shen