arXiv Machine Learning By Kaijian Zou, Vaibhav Chennareddy, Yunxiang Zhang, Naihao Deng, Longju Bai, Jiaxin Pei, Rada Mihalcea, Lu Wang

SWE-VERIFIER: Selective Verification for Cost-Efficient Coding Agents

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SWE-VERIFIER is a lightweight generative model that selectively triggers candidate sampling and verification for coding agents, scoring proposed actions to decide when additional sampling is needed and ranking the resulting actions before execution. Trained on Qwen3.5-4B with preference data, it improves resolution on MiniMax-M2.7 from 75.47% to 77.20% at 1.09× cost and on DeepSeek-V4-Flash from 72.60% to 74.27% at 1.13× cost, while verifying fewer than 4% of steps. The approach demonstrates that selective sampling and lightweight verification can enhance coding‑agent performance and inference efficiency with minimal overhead.

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