arXiv Machine Learning By Irina-Beatrice Haas, Maike Meier, Yuji Nakatsukasa, Taejun Park

SuperPCA: subspace analysis and an efficient algorithm for high-dimensional PCA

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SuperPCA is a new algorithm for high‑dimensional principal component analysis that exploits an approximate eigenspace of the sample covariance matrix. The authors show that the subspace spanned by several leading eigenvectors contains useful signal information long before individual eigenvectors converge, and they derive posteriori bounds on the angle between this subspace and the true signal subspace. By using only a small number of subsampled coordinates, SuperPCA can achieve up to a ten‑fold improvement in accuracy over classical PCA while reducing data acquisition costs, especially when the signals are approximately sparse.

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