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SQuAT: Spherical Lattice Vector Quantization-Aware Training

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SQuAT introduces a shape‑gain vector‑quantization‑aware training (VQ‑QAT) method that separates weight direction and magnitude, using an $E_8$‑derived spherical codebook for directions and low‑bit scalar quantizers for gains. The approach employs distinct straight‑through estimators for shape and gain, enabling tangent‑space updates that act as implicit spherical optimization. Distributed exact nearest‑neighbor assignment reduces training time by 12.8×, allowing scaling to 10 B tokens and yielding state‑of‑the‑art accuracy on several large language models.

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arXiv Machine Learning
Oct 23

SQuAT: Spherical Lattice Vector Quantization-Aware Training

SQuAT introduces a shape‑gain vector quantization‑aware training (VQ‑QAT) method that separates weight direction and magnitude, using an $E_8$‑derived spherical codebook for directions and low‑bit scalar quantizers for gains. By applying distinct straight‑through estimators (STE) to each component, SQuAT induces tangent‑space updates that act as an implicit spherical (Riemannian) optimization, improving training dynamics over standard STE approaches. A distributed exact nearest‑neighbor assignment scheme further reduces training time by 12.8×, enabling scaling to 10 B tokens and achieving state‑of‑the‑art accuracy on several large language models.

By Sebastian Loeschcke, Ivan Koryakovskiy, Tycho F. A. van der Ouderaa, Riccardo Del Chiaro, Mart van Baalen, Paul N. Whatmough, Markus Nagel