arXiv Computer Vision By Mang Ning, Mingxiao Li, Le Zhang, Lanmiao Liu, Matthew B. Blaschko, Albert Ali Salah, Itir Onal Ertugrul

Spectrum Matching: a Unified Perspective for Superior Diffusability in Latent Diffusion

Read the original on arXiv Computer Vision →

The paper investigates how variational autoencoders (VAEs) can be made more learnable in latent diffusion by analyzing diffusability through spectral properties. It introduces the Spectrum Matching Hypothesis, which posits that latents with better diffusability should have a flattened power‑law power spectral density (Encoding Spectrum Matching) and preserve frequency‑to‑frequency semantic correspondence via the decoder (Decoding Spectrum Matching). The authors implement these ideas by matching PSDs between images and latents and applying shared spectral masking, demonstrating improved diffusion generation on CelebA and ImageNet and extending the approach to representation alignment with a DoG‑based method.

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Pixel diffusion models generate RGB images directly but tend to miss fine‑scale natural‑image statistics. The authors introduce an adversarial post‑training step that adds an adversarial loss to the model’s output at non‑high‑noise timesteps, without changing the architecture or sampling procedure. This approach improves distribution fidelity, coverage, prompt alignment, and perceptual quality across two pixel backbones, and restores missing high‑frequency spectral power while avoiding memorization or mode dropping.

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