arXiv AI By Emil Laftchiev, Prachi Agrawal, Moe Kayali, Bixing Yan, Qi Xu, Zijie Lei, Chen Qiu, Zhi Hua, Ke Li, Luke Simon

SPD: Single Pass Decoding for Generative Reranking

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The paper introduces SPD (Single Forward Pass), a decoding strategy that efficiently produces ranked lists from large language models by emitting only the ordinal positions of items. SPD extracts an item‑position score matrix from the model’s hidden states, then solves a bipartite assignment problem via the Hungarian algorithm to generate a valid permutation in a single forward pass. Experiments show that LoRA‑based fine‑tuning combined with autoregressive ranking distillation achieves 28 ms end‑to‑end inference, a 64× speed‑up while preserving ranking quality.

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