SOVER: Formal Certification of Optimization Reformulations via LLM-Assisted SMT Verification

The paper introduces SOVER, a framework that uses Large Language Models (LLMs) to extract semantic mappings between optimization reformulations and then formally verifies these mappings with SMT solvers. Z3 is employed to check domain cross-feasibility and objective-order preservation for mixed-integer linear problems, while dReal handles tolerance-aware feasibility and ε-argmin checks for continuous nonlinear problems. The authors also present NLEquiv-150, a benchmark of 150 nonlinear reformulation pairs, and report that SOVER correctly classifies 149 out of 150 pairs, including all 50 hard negatives, with the single error due to incomplete mapping extraction.

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• llms
• benchmarks