arXiv AI By Fabian P. Kr\"uger, Andrea Hunklinger, Adrian Wolny, Tim J. Adler, Igor Tetko, Santiago David Villalba

SEISMO: Explanation-Aware, Trajectory-Conditioned LLM Agents for Sample-Efficient Molecular Optimisation

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M3OS: A Monte Carlo Graph Search-Orchestrated Multi-Agent LLM System for Evidence-Traced Molecular Optimization

M3OS is a multi‑agent large‑language‑model system that separates molecular‑design reasoning from optimization‑state management using a Monte Carlo graph search. The system maintains a persistent graph of evaluated candidates, transformations, and evidence, while LLM agents use role‑specific contexts to generate and edit molecules with tool‑driven and knowledge‑guided approaches. Across three benchmarks, M3OS outperforms baselines, demonstrating the benefit of persistent search state, specialized agents, and controlled execution for multi‑constraint molecular optimization.