arXiv AI By Xiangqi Wang, Nhan H. Pham, Oktie Hassanzadeh, Dharmashankar Subramanian, Xiangliang Zhang

SAGE: A Unified Algebra and Self-Adaptive Execution for AI Functions in SQL

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SAGE (Self-Adaptive Generative Execution) introduces a unified framework for integrating AI functions into SQL by defining three typed primitives—AI_SCALAR, AI_AGG, and AI_JOIN—that correspond to the relational roles of transforming rows, aggregating groups, and joining row pairs. The framework standardizes a confidence-gated execution interface and tailors physical strategies to each primitive’s shape, with AI_JOIN employing predicate analysis and a recipe card to select optimal execution plans. Evaluations across scalar, aggregate, and join workloads demonstrate that SAGE consistently improves execution quality and efficiency, achieving the best overall SemBench performance and dramatically reducing model calls in factorable joins.

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