arXiv AI October 5, 2026 By Junyoung Koh, Hao-Wen Dong

Revisiting Input Time-frequency Representations in Multi-pitch Estimation for Vocal Ensembles

The paper investigates input representations for multi‑pitch estimation (MPE) in vocal ensembles, comparing the commonly used harmonic constant‑Q transform (HCQT) with a linear short‑time Fourier transform (STFT). Despite HCQT’s frequency‑adaptive resolution, the linear STFT—though fixed in frequency resolution—outperforms HCQT and reduces feature‑extraction cost. The study also finds that longer analysis windows or broader spectral coverage do not improve performance, and that limiting input to the predicted pitch range diminishes the advantage of the linear STFT.

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