arXiv Machine Learning By Atsuki Sato, Martin Aum\"uller, Yusuke Matsui

Poisoning Attacks on the PGM-index

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The paper investigates the vulnerability of the PGM-index to poisoning attacks, introducing PGM-attack—a method that sequentially inserts adversarial keys to inflate the number of segments in the index’s piecewise linear approximation. Experiments show that poisoning just 10% of keys can increase segment count—and thus index size—by up to 120×, with the attack achieving at least 52% of the theoretical optimum. The attack also transfers to other learned indexes, especially those based on PLA, highlighting an intrinsic weakness in the PGM-index’s optimization objective.

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