We characterize observability in representation learning through Platonic Projection Structures (PPS), an operator-theoretic framework for analyzing representation accessibility under partial observation. Rather than treating observable outputs as direct reflections of latent representations, PPS models observation through a self-adjoint positive semidefinite operator acting on a latent representation space.
arXiv:2609.00372v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: With quantum sensors, simulators and networks emerging, a future of quantum technology may produce quantum states as data---that is, coherently rathe...
By Robin Lorenz, Eric Brunner, Marcello Benedetti
The Platonic Representation Hypothesis (PRH) claims that independently trained models converge on a shared statistical model of reality, yet recent work finds only weak pointwise similarity between mo...
arXiv:2609.24209v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: The Platonic Representation Hypothesis (PRH) claims that independently trained models converge on a shared statistical model of reality, yet recent wor...
By Chenming Shang, Yujin Tang, Jun Jie Ou Yang, Ruize Xu, Adam Breuer, Nikhil Singh
The paper introduces the Lattice Representation Hypothesis (LRH) to explain why different alignment criteria—such as neighbor overlap, spanning trees, and distances—yield varying views on model representation convergence. It shows that the Platonic Representation Hypothesis (PRH) reflects agreement at the top of a lattice, while evidence comes from criteria near the bottom, and that the Aristotelian Representation Hypothesis (ARH) limits convergence to local neighborhoods due to calibration effects. Experiments on numerous pretrained vision and language models, along with theoretical analyses of linear autoencoders and contrastive Gibbs models, support the LRH’s claim that training procedures and objectives determine which criteria are reliably met across runs.
By Dai Shi, Andi Han, Xiaoyu Li, Luke Thompson, Jos\'e Miguel Hern\'andez-Lobato
The paper develops a finite‑measurement framework for inferring the symmetry group that a quantum learning model should respect, based on candidate transformations and limited data. It shows that observable‑invisible transformations correspond to the stabilizer of a projected state when the probe span is invariant, and that recovered generators form a valid subgroup with a continuous invisible space identified via its Lie algebra. The authors introduce an unbiased shadow statistic that improves estimation rates, establish optimal gap dependence through a commuting‑qubit lower bound, and provide tools for task validation, bias quantification, and capacity analysis, all illustrated with Ising‑chain calculations.
By Zeyu Chen