arXiv Machine Learning By Carter H. Nakamoto, Lucia Lushi Chen, Agata Foryciarz, Sherri Rose

Penalized Fair Regression for Multiple Groups in Chronic Kidney Disease

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The paper introduces a penalized fair regression framework that incorporates unfairness penalties for multiple groups, specifically targeting binary outcomes with true positive rate disparity penalties. It can be efficiently implemented via a reduction to cost‑sensitive classification and includes new score functions for selecting penalty weights automatically. Empirical studies show that the method achieves a better fairness‑accuracy trade‑off than existing approaches, and when applied to a national chronic kidney disease dataset it markedly improves fairness across race and ethnicity groups without significantly harming overall model fit.

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