Ontology Refinement with Embeddings and LLMs: A Case Study on CASTON

The paper presents a lightweight, scalable workflow for refining ontologies, demonstrated on the CASTON casting-domain ontology. It combines a fine‑tuned ontology embedding model to generate candidate axioms and replacement options with a Large Language Model (LLM) that proposes repair suggestions. In a small expert evaluation, the default setup—using a CASTON‑fine‑tuned embedding model and Qwen3‑8B—yielded high‑confidence repairs that were all accepted by domain experts.

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• llms
• rag
• fine-tuning