arXiv Machine Learning July 24, 2026 By Jason Bohne, Ieva Petrulionyte, Michael Arbel, Julien Mairal, Pawe{\l} Polak

Non-Stationary Functional Bilevel Optimization

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arXiv:2601. 15363v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Functional bilevel optimization (FBO) provides a powerful framework for hierarchical learning in function spaces, yet current methods are limited to static offline settings and perform suboptimally in online, non-stationary scenarios.

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