arXiv AI By Zhiwen Yu, Zhaocheng Liu, Xiaoqing Liu, Huanqiang Zeng, C. L. Philip Chen

Mitigating Sample-Level Imbalance via Probabilistic Separation for Adaptive Multimodal Fusion

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The paper introduces a framework to tackle modality imbalance in multimodal learning by focusing on sample-level variations. It defines a Modality Gap metric to measure prediction discrepancies, models the resulting bimodal distribution with a Gaussian Mixture Model, and uses Bayesian probabilities for soft separation of balanced and imbalanced samples. A two‑stage training process—Warm‑up and Adaptive Training—reallocates loss weights based on the GMM, strengthening alignment for imbalanced samples while favoring fusion for balanced ones, and shows superior performance over existing baselines.

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