arXiv AI By Yongding Tian, Zaid Al-Ars, Maksim Kitsak, Peter Hofstee

Misalignment of Low-Loss Regions Causes Grokking

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arXiv Machine Learning
Sep 11

Quantifying the Memorization-to-Generalization Transition: Scaling Laws and Phase Structure in Grokking

The study investigates the delayed transition from memorization to generalization—known as grokking—in two‑hidden‑layer MLPs trained on modular arithmetic. By exploring 384 hyperparameter configurations, the authors derive a power‑law scaling relation for the onset time of generalization, showing that data complexity dominates over model capacity. A clear phase boundary at weight decay around 1.0 separates grokking from non‑grokking regimes, and weight norm trajectories indicate implicit regularization during the transition.

By Anish Kataria