arXiv AI By Eljas Linna, Kestutis Baltakys, Alexandros Iosifidis, Juho Kanniainen

LOBERT: Generative AI Foundation Model for Limit Order Book Messages

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The paper introduces LOBERT, a general-purpose encoder-only foundation model designed for financial Limit Order Book (LOB) data. It adapts the BERT architecture by treating entire multi-dimensional LOB messages as single tokens, preserving continuous price, volume, and time representations. LOBERT outperforms prior models in tasks like mid-price movement prediction and next-message forecasting while requiring shorter context lengths.

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