arXiv:2601. 02380v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recent reports claim that Large Language Models (LLMs) derive new science and exhibit human-level general intelligence.
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arXiv:2606. 02632v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Modern Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) models, especially large language models (LLMs), are increasingly used to generate scientific hypotheses and mechanistic explanations from observational data.
arXiv:2606. 04751v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents in scientific tasks.
The paper proposes a distributional theory explaining how large language models (LLMs) incorporate external evidence into their decision-making process. It identifies three key predictions: (1) evidence is more persuasive when it aligns with the model’s prior beliefs, (2) models more readily accept errors from their own internal processes than from external sources, and (3) the same evidence can improve weaker models while harming stronger ones. Extensive experiments across ten million trials, twelve LLMs from four families, and eight domains—including quantum mechanics, physics, genetics, and molecular biology—confirm these predictions and reveal that evidence integration occurs late in the network as a structured sequence of steps rather than through a simple trust metric.
arXiv:2606. 08532v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Modern artificial intelligence excels at prediction but cannot explain.
The paper introduces the task of Scientific Claim Unlearning and presents a new benchmark, SciUnlearn, to evaluate it. It highlights that language models trained on static scientific corpora risk disseminating outdated or retracted claims as scientific knowledge evolves. Current machine unlearning methods fail to effectively remove claim-level knowledge, often only suppressing it superficially, underscoring the need for specialized techniques for structured knowledge removal.
Defeasible reasoning is a type of reasoning where inferences are drawn from plausible current evidence, but can be retracted upon the introduction of newer evidence. Although recent studies have exami...