The paper introduces a continuous‑time policy gradient framework that works with discrete observation data. It derives performance difference lemmas and policy gradient formulas for randomized and parametrized policies, proving exponential convergence for an entropy‑regularized policy flow and providing explicit convergence bounds for discrete updates. By integrating with PhiBE, the authors create model‑free actor‑critic algorithms that maintain the continuous‑time structure, and demonstrate their effectiveness on both linear‑quadratic and nonlinear robotic control tasks.
By Martin Hernandez, Xinyan Qing, Mo Zhou, Yuhua Zhu
arXiv:2607. 06935v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) is increasingly grounded in tools from probability, optimization, and operator theory.
By Denis Belomestny, Alexander Gasnikov, Egor Gladin, Alexey Naumov, Artemy Rubtsov, Yuri Sapronov, Daniil Tiapkin, Nikita Yudin
arXiv:2510. 03494v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We study finite-horizon offline reinforcement learning (RL) with function approximation for both policy evaluation and policy optimization.
By Volodymyr Tkachuk, Csaba Szepesv\'ari, Xiaoqi Tan
The paper presents a fully data-driven method for optimal control of nonlinear control‑affine systems modeled as stochastic diffusions. It embeds state probability densities into a reproducing kernel Hilbert space to learn Markov transition operators, which are then used in convex operator‑theoretic Hamilton‑Jacobi‑Bellman recursions that scale linearly with state dimensionality. Numerical experiments show the approach can solve diverse nonlinear control tasks, such as depth regulation of an autonomous underwater vehicle.
By Nicolas Hoischen, Petar Bevanda, Stefan Sosnowski, Sandra Hirche, Boris Houska
The paper investigates continuous‑time stochastic control problems with unknown drift and running reward functions, using an exploratory reinforcement learning framework that incorporates relaxed controls and entropy regularization. It develops policy‑iteration algorithms based on probabilistic representations of the optimal value function and its gradient, proving convergence and demonstrating performance through numerical examples. The study also extends to a special case with control‑dependent diffusion, requiring a Hessian representation.
By Jin Ma, Gaozhan Wang, Jianfeng Zhang, Xunyu Zhou
arXiv:2610.28915v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: In this paper, we study continuous-time reinforcement learning, where the state follows an unknown stochastic differential equation but only a fixed of...
By Chaorui Yao, Yuming Paul Zhang, Lin Yang, Yuhua Zhu