arXiv AI By Haibo Jin, Suijin Wang, Xucheng Yu, Haojing Luo, Haohan Wang

Harness Engineering in LLM Tool Use via Agent-Native Reusable Tool Primitives

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The paper introduces Tool Primitives, a design that replaces rigid API schemas with natural language interfaces for tool calling, enabling seamless inter-tool communication. It builds ToolFace, a repository of over 25,000 functions that LLMs can dynamically retrieve, and HEART, a harness engineering framework that orchestrates tool use with planning, routing, and verification. Experiments show HEART outperforms fine‑tuned models and leading commercial LLMs while cutting API costs by up to 85%.

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