arXiv AI By Huseyin Cavus, Sebin Sabu, Joshua Spear, Jaskaran Singh Kawatra, Pavithra Rajendran

Hallucination Neurons and Where to Find Them: An Investigation into the existence of Hallucination Neurons

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The paper investigates the existence of hallucination neurons in large language models by applying a rigorous five‑step diagnostic protocol to sparse probing methods. Using open‑source LLMs on TriviaQA, BioASQ, and NQ‑Open, the authors find that while detection of hallucination neurons replicates across models and datasets, the neurons are not uniquely localized—showing high feature correlation, moderate bootstrap stability, and weak overlap between sparse and dense rankings. The study demonstrates that sparse predictive structure can coexist with non‑unique neuron selection, underscoring the need for routine diagnostic validation in mechanistic interpretability.

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