The paper offers a unified probabilistic framework for large language models, describing them as probability measures over token sequences defined by autoregressive conditional distributions. Training is cast as maximum‑likelihood estimation solved via stochastic gradient methods, while generation is treated as sequential simulation of the resulting stochastic process. It also explores how the asymmetry of the Kullback–Leibler divergence relates to hallucination and the distinction between plausibility and truth, and extends the perspective to diffusion models that generate data by simulating a reverse‑time stochastic process.
By Adnan Aboulala\^a
arXiv:2607. 05679v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Language models (LMs) exhibit problematic biases, such as stereotypes.
By Damian Hodel, Jevin West, Aylin Caliskan
arXiv:2605.27268v2 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Modern Large Language Models (LLMs) are often criticized for producing repetitive and homogeneous text, despite possessing vast latent vocabu...
By Samer Awad, Javier Conde, Carlos Arriaga, Tairan Fu, Javier Coronado-Bl\'azquez, Pedro Reviriego
The paper introduces probe guidance, a technique that leverages frozen internal states of a diffusion model to generate a guidance signal without requiring an extra forward pass during inference. This method improves continuous diffusion language models, achieving state‑of‑the‑art results on unconditional generation and enhancing performance on multiple‑choice question answering for a 1.7B model. The authors also use probes to analyze autoguidance, revealing that the weak model must originate from a low‑entropy training region to align dynamics with the strong model.
By Rohit Dilip, Tianrong Chen, Yuyang Wang, David Van Valen, Joshua Susskind, Miguel Angel Bautista
arXiv:2508. 10875v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) are rapidly emerging as a powerful and promising alternative to the dominant autoregressive (AR) paradigm.
By Tianyi Li, Mingda Chen, Bowei Guo, Zhiqiang Shen
arXiv:2603.02760v2 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) have recently attracted significant attention for their ability to enhance diversity, controllability...
By Linhao Zhong, Linyu Wu, Wen Wang, Yuling Xi, Chenchen Jing, Jiaheng Zhang, Hao Chen, Chunhua Shen