From Reconstruction to Imputation: Test-Time Optimization for Missing Time-Series Channels
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The paper proposes a test‑time optimization technique that converts a frozen sequence reconstructor into an imputer for missing time‑series channels. By treating missing entries as optimization variables, clamping observed data, and backpropagating to minimize reconstruction error only on observed coordinates, the method avoids the need for artificial mask augmentation or full‑channel dropout during training. Experiments on five real‑world datasets show that this refinement improves mean absolute error in most dataset‑backbone combinations and can outperform mask‑aware imputers on some datasets, though it requires more inference time and depends on cross‑channel coupling.
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The paper introduces the concept of protocol divergence, showing that identical nominal missing rates can lead to vastly different learning regimes in incomplete multi‑view clustering. It critiques existing evaluation practices that ignore observation structure and proposes CRAFT, a train‑once framework that fuses observed views with mask‑aware attention, enabling efficient deployment across multiple missing‑view protocols. Experiments on CUB, MultiFashion, and other benchmarks demonstrate CRAFT’s superior performance and significant computational savings through checkpoint reuse.