arXiv AI By Ali Mohammadi Shanghooshabad (JPMorgan Chase,Co.)

FAOPs: Normal Forms and an Algebra for AI Agent Workflows

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FAOPs introduces a formal framework for AI agent workflows, called Functional Agent Operating Procedures, that applies database‑grade discipline to multi‑step agent skills. It normalizes workflows into four progressive normal forms—Decomposed, Typed, Factored, and Scoped—ensuring each atomic step is type‑checked, scoped, bounded, and auditable. The framework includes a provably sound algebra for refactoring and parallelization, extensions for verified termination, optimization, and cost bounds, and an architectural classifier to assess AI necessity, all implemented in the SkillBase system with a runtime executor.

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arXiv AI
Jul 21

ETAS: An Effect-Typed Language for Agent Systems

arXiv:2607. 17780v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: ETAS is a programming language for agent systems that treats model-backed agents, tool calls, prompts, typed memory, human approvals, policies, and execution traces as semantic program elements rather than library conventions.

By Huiri Tan, Yikun Wang, Puyang Zhang, Shangyu Li, Jiasi Shen
arXiv AI
Sep 24

Harness as a Language: A Minimalist Agent Framework With Maximal Expressivity

The paper introduces JAZ, a minimalist LLM agent framework that centers on a single primitive called “invoke”, which allows an LLM to write and execute arbitrary code, including recursive calls, while treating all inputs and interaction history as variables in the code environment. JAZ provides built‑in hooks for constraints and monitoring but relies solely on prompting, without external tools, memory systems, or file‑system access. Experiments show that JAZ “invoke” outperforms specialized external harnesses such as Letta (MemGPT) and ACE on long‑horizon recall tasks and continual self‑improvement, achieving higher accuracy at lower cost.

By Zhening Li, Joshua Liu, Mateja Vukelic, Nicole Shen, Supriya Lall, Amitayush Thakur, Alex Zhang, Omar Khattab, Jonathan Light, Armando Solar-Lezama
arXiv AI
Aug 19

SkillEffect: Checked Lowering for Memory-Bounded Agent Tools

SkillEffect is a checked‑lowering runtime that ensures agent tool calls stay within memory limits by verifying each proposed program against an immutable input before execution. It uses audited relation plugins to provide source recognition, bounded intermediate representation construction, and postconditions, while a shared runtime handles selection, bounded VM execution, and atomic capacity leasing. Experiments across six operator families show that bounded access significantly reduces peak memory usage and improves completion rates under fixed memory caps.

By Yinuo Wang, Yiyu Shi