Energy-Based Models (EBMs) provide an interpretable framework for generative modeling of scientific data, but poor Markov Chain Monte Carlo mixing often limits their reliability. We introduce a training algorithm based on Parallel Trajectory Tempering (PTT), which exploits the continuity of the optimization path to maintain equilibrium sampling throughout learning.
The paper introduces Langevin simulated bifurcation (LSB), a fast, parallel Boltzmann sampler that matches the accuracy of sequential MCMC methods. It also proposes conditional expectation matching (CEM), an efficient technique for estimating the effective temperature of samples from energy‑based models with conditional independence. Building on these, the authors develop sampler adaptive learning (SAL), which adjusts the model temperature to align with the distribution produced by LSB, enabling efficient training of semi‑restricted Boltzmann machines (SRBMs) and outperforming conventional methods on synthetic spin‑glass datasets.
By Kentaro Kubo, Hayato Goto
arXiv:2602. 03729v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Sampling from unnormalized probability densities is a central challenge in computational science.
By Henrik Schopmans, Christopher von Klitzing, Pascal Friederich
The paper introduces a new transition kernel for Restricted Boltzmann Machines that operates over the sequence of models used in Deep Tempering. This kernel employs a round‑trip structure, allowing nonlocal moves in a single transition while keeping the RBM sequence unchanged. Experiments demonstrate that it achieves higher sampling quality with fewer transitions than both blocked Gibbs sampling and Deep Tempering, and it stabilizes learning by reducing training failures.
By Kaiji Sekimoto, Muneki Yasuda
arXiv:2605. 31498v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: A long standing challenge in computational chemistry and biophysics is efficiently sampling the Boltzmann distribution of molecules.
By Daniel Pe\~naherrera, Rishal Aggarwal, David Ryan Koes
arXiv:2601. 21026v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Sampling configurations at thermodynamic equilibrium is a central challenge in statistical physics.
By Louis Grenioux, Maxence Noble