arXiv Machine Learning By Felipe Oviedo, Fiodar Kazhamiaka, Esha Choukse, Allen Kim, Amy Luers, Melanie Nakagawa, Ricardo Bianchini, Juan M. Lavista Ferres

Energy Use of AI Inference, Efficiency Pathways, and Test-Time Scaling

Read the original on arXiv Machine Learning →

arXiv:2509. 20241v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: As AI inference scales to billions of queries, estimates of per-query energy use are increasingly important for capacity planning, efficiency interventions, and policy.

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arXiv:2511. 07885v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM) queries are predominantly processed by frontier models in centralized cloud infrastructure.

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Understanding the Energy Scaling of Large Language Model Inference Across Context Lengths and Attention Architectures

The paper systematically studies decode‑phase energy consumption of open‑source large language models using different attention architectures—Multi‑Head Attention (MHA), Grouped Query Attention (GQA), and GQA with Sliding Window Attention (SWA). It evaluates four models across varying context lengths, batch sizes, and generation workloads, measuring GPU energy via NVIDIA counters. Findings show that the attention mechanism is the main driver of how energy scales with context length, with MHA models growing steeply, GQA models growing less, and GQA+SWA remaining nearly constant; model size mainly sets absolute energy use, while batching can cut energy per token and latency by up to 87%.

By Molka Chkir, Syed Muhammad Danish, Jos H\"oll, Arghavan Asad