arXiv AI By Amit Goldenberg, James J. Gross

Do Large Language Models Have Emotions?

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arXiv:2606. 14742v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Do LLMs have emotions?

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arXiv Machine Learning
Sep 22

Replicating the Geometry of Emotion Representations in a Base Open-Weights Model

Sofroniew et al. (2026) showed that emotion concepts in Claude Sonnet 4.5 are encoded as vectors whose geometry mirrors human affect psychology. This study replicates that finding using the base pretrained model google/gemma-2-27b, generating 205,200 Claude Sonnet 4.5 stories, extracting 171 emotion vectors, and recovering a similar affective circumplex with principal components explaining comparable variance. The analysis further identifies a sharp geometric seam at layers 22‑26, demonstrates that much of the geometry already exists in static token embeddings, and shows that the geometry predicts token‑level co‑activation with high correlation.

By Adam Hollowell
arXiv Computation and Language
Aug 27

Controllable Affective Generation via Latent Vector Steering

The paper introduces EmoVec, a lightweight framework that enables controllable affective generation in large language models by steering latent vectors. EmoVec identifies emotion-specific directions from paired neutral and emotion-conditioned responses using contrastive activation addition, then refines these directions through task-specific debiasing and principal subspace removal. During inference, the refined vectors are injected into the final residual stream with static or scenario-adaptive scaling, allowing continuous control over emotional intensity without updating model weights, and experiments across three LLMs and eight emotions demonstrate improved emotional salience while preserving semantic content, fluency, and coherence.

By Xixian Yong, Siyuan Chang, Yingying Zhang, Xian Wu, Xiao Zhou