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Demystifying Oversmoothing in Sheaf Neural Networks: An Index-Theoretic Criterion

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To combat oversmoothing in Graph Convolutional Networks, Sheaf Neural Networks (SNNs) were proposed as a generalization by equipping the graph with a sheaf structure and replacing the graph Laplacian with a sheaf Laplacian $\mathcal{L}$. Existing analyses connect sheaf diffusion to oversmoothing via the harmonic space ($\ker\mathcal{L}$), taking its absolute dimension as an indicator of anti-oversmoothing capacity.

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