arXiv Machine Learning By Franco Rugolon, Ioanna Miliou, Panagiotis Papapetrou

CRANE: Post-Hoc Counterfactual Retrieval for Multimodal Classifiers

Read the original on arXiv Machine Learning →

CRANE is a post‑hoc, model‑agnostic framework that generates multimodal counterfactual explanations by retrieving real training examples from the target class. It uses nearest‑neighbour retrieval across modalities, with Multimodal Consensus Retrieval (MC‑R) intersecting per‑modality neighbour sets to find instances jointly close to the query. Experiments on four heterogeneous datasets and three fusion strategies show MC‑R consistently outperforms other multimodal strategies and remains competitive when a single modality dominates.

Machine-generated by The Flow from the publisher's headline and feed description — not written or checked by a human. The full article lives at arXiv Machine Learning.

arXiv Machine Learning
Sep 22

Generalized Multimodal Foundation Model

The paper introduces a generalized multimodal foundation model that can handle arbitrary combinations of modalities and prediction tasks. It trains on large-scale synthetic multimodal datasets with diverse causal structures to learn transferable multimodal correlations. Experiments on 18 real-world datasets across 12 modalities and 11 tasks show competitive performance compared to specialized models without task-specific adaptation.

By Huizi Cui, Zongbo Han, Chenggong Ding, Naichuan Xiao, Jialong Yang, Jingdong Chen, Guangyu Wang, Qinghua Hu, Changqing Zhang
arXiv Computation and Language
Oct 1

Fusion Anything: A Generalized Multimodal Foundation Model

The paper introduces Fusion Anything Model (FAM), a foundation model designed for generalized multimodal data fusion that can handle arbitrary modality combinations and prediction tasks. FAM is trained on large-scale synthetic multimodal datasets generated via Structural Multimodal Causal Models (SMCMs), enabling it to encode transferable multimodal correlations. Experiments on 18 real-world datasets across 12 modalities and 11 tasks show that FAM performs competitively with specialized models without requiring task-specific adaptation.

By Huizi Cui, Zongbo Han, Chenggong Ding, Naichuan Xiao, Jialong Yang, Jingdong Chen, Guangyu Wang, Qinghua Hu, Changqing Zhang
arXiv Computation and Language
Oct 12

TokenSwap: Benchmarking and Reducing the Modality Gap in Multimodal LLMs

TokenSwap introduces a method to benchmark and reduce the modality gap in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) by interleaving semantically aligned images with text tokens. By transforming text-only benchmarks like MMLU into image‑interleaved versions (TokenSwap‑Bench), the authors reveal a pervasive performance drop—averaging 19.6%—across 42 MLLMs, with reasoning models showing smaller gaps. Training with TokenSwap mitigates this gap while maintaining strong text‑only and vision‑language performance.

By Andong Hua, Colton Bishop, Igor Mordatch, Arian Hosseini, Jindong Gu, Aleksandra Faust, Rebecca Roelofs, Yao Qin