arXiv AI By Wentao Zhang, Syed Shariyar Murtaza, Junaid Ahmad Bhatti, Utkarsh Soni, Yifan Nie, Eugene Wen, Yuntian Deng

Control-Data Flow Separation: Stable Prompt Optimization in Multi-Agent LLMs

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The paper introduces control‑data flow separation to improve prompt optimization in multi‑agent large language model systems. By representing execution protocols as typed, validated program objects and keeping task‑relevant content as unstructured language, the method prevents prompt edits from corrupting critical routing, formatting, or termination signals. Experiments on synthetic reasoning, collaborative review generation, and insurance rating workflows show that this approach maintains 100% protocol validity while consistently enhancing task performance.

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