arXiv:2610.14500v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Many widely used activation functions, including ReLU, GELU, Swish, and Sigmoid, produce predominantly positive outputs, resulting in a nonzero post-...
By Zirui Peng, Heyi Zheng, Ziming Liu
Deep neural networks can exhibit periodic loss spikes known as the "Slingshot Mechanism" during long‑term training. This paper shows that such spikes arise from finite‑precision floating‑point arithmetic: when the correct‑class logit becomes much larger than the others, the gradient for that class is rounded to zero while others remain nonzero, breaking the zero‑sum constraint and creating a positive feedback loop that inflates feature and classifier norms. The authors term this Numerical Feature Inflation (NFI) and demonstrate that it explains the rapid norm growth, reappearance of gradients, and loss spikes, while also showing that partial absorption can still cause hidden norm growth without visible spikes.
By Hanqing Liu, Jianjun Cao, Yuanze Li, Zijian Zhou
arXiv:2610.02598v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Deploying LLMs on consumer-grade GPUs with insufficient memory to hold their weights can result in prohibitively slow inference, because decoding repea...
By JuneHyung Kim, Sankeerth Durvasula, Nandita Vijaykumar
arXiv:2607. 21005v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Most explanations of training instability focus on \emph{learning-rate criticality}, typically characterized by the Edge of Stability, beyond which optimization becomes unstable.
By Xiaolong Li, Zhangchen Zhou, Zhi-Qin John Xu
The paper demonstrates that neural networks can maintain perfect training accuracy while their training cross‑entropy remains nearly flat at a positive level, a phenomenon observed on modular addition tasks. Using ReLU networks with supported‑Polar hidden updates, normalized output‑layer updates, and weight decay, the authors show that hidden features evolve and held‑out accuracy can rise from zero to above 90% even as cross‑entropy stays flat. Theoretical results for one‑hidden‑layer networks and empirical evidence from deeper networks and transformers confirm that correct classification need not coincide with minimal cross‑entropy, challenging conventional assumptions about loss plateaus.
By Akash Kumar, Karthik Sankaranarayanan
The paper investigates intermittent spikes in loss observed during the pre‑training of large language models. It demonstrates that simple quadratic models with heavy‑tailed, power‑law distributed inputs can reproduce these spikes, and introduces a theoretical framework and simulation algorithm to model per‑layer training dynamics of deep neural networks. In a case study using an Adam configuration with β2 close to 1, the simulation predicts spiky behavior from a checkpoint and suggests a β2 schedule that empirically improves performance.
By Ran Tian, Courtney Paquette