arXiv Machine Learning By Egor Shvetsov, Aleksandr Serkov, Shokorov Viacheslav, Redko Dmitry, Vladislav Goloshchapov, Evgeny Burnaev

Bug or Feature$^2$: Weight Drift and Activation Sparsity

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The paper investigates a negative weight drift that arises from the interaction between standard loss functions (MSE or cross‑entropy) and positively biased activation functions. This drift, which is inherent to the optimization process rather than the data, pushes downstream weights toward negative values during early training and leads to high activation sparsity—up to nearly 90% in GPT‑nano when using ReLU. The authors also examine the impact of this sparsity, noting that model performance degrades sharply when activation sparsity exceeds about 70%, and study sparsity‑inducing activation functions that produce spikes in intermediate transformer layers.

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